PARTIAL DIALLEL design can be used to investigate the general and specific combining ability, and heterosis.Combining ability and heterosis were studied in a 6×6 PARTIAL DIALLEL cross to see the nature of gene action for fruit quality indices in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) during 2007 to 2009. Analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences among all the F1 hybrid means and their respective six parental values for all the traits examined. The mean squares of general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) were also highly significant. SCA genetic variances were greater than GCA and more important for the seedcell size, showing the additive and non-additive gene action. Fruit color was controlled by additive type of gene action due to high GCA variances. Fruit shape and overall performance were controlled additively and non-additively due to high general combining ability. Line 605 and 118 were found to be the best general combiner and its utilization produced valuable hybrids with desirable SCA F1 hybrids.

Recognition and understanding the genetic control of traits, combining ability and genetic structure are directly related to the success of breeding programs. For this purpose, a 7 × 7 one-way DIALLEL design was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The measured traits were included plant height, height to the first capsule, number of days to 50% and 90% of flowering, number of capsules per plant, number of seeds per capsule, number of days to physiological ripening, number of branches, leaves number and length, 1000-seeds weight, capsule weight, length and width, chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll, biological andeconomic yields, harvest index, oil and protein percentage. Analysis of variance showed that there was a significant difference between genotypes and DIALLEL analysis showed that the additive variance of all traits and dominant variance of all traits except height to the first fruit-bearing capsule were significant. The oltan cultivar was the best and Ardestan genotype was the worst genotype in terms of general combining ability. Sabzevar×TS-3 and Sirjan×Fars were the best hybrids in most traits. The general heritability was between 0.90 to 0.96 for biologic yield and number of branches, respectively and narrow heritability was between 0.36 to 0.91 for the number of branches and harvest index, respectively. The analysis of variance by Hayman method confirmed the results of Griffing analysis.

Deficit irrigation is one of the irrigation management methods that is used to increase Water Use Efficiency. Considering the internal plant adaptability characteristic to water shortage, PARTIAL Root Drying method has been introduced in recent years. In this field research improvement of Water Use Efficiency for Soybean was determined. This experiment which was conducted at four furrow irrigation treatments at the Research Field of Tehran University in Karaj in 2008, consists of full irrigation (100% soil moisture deficit compensation), conventional deficit irrigation at 50 and 75 percent soil moisture deficit compensation and PARTIAL Root Drying at 50 percent soil moisture deficit compensation with three replications. The amounts of irrigation used were exactly compensation level (negligible loss). Results indicated that Water Use Efficiency according to Duncan's Multiple Range Test at the five percent level of probability there was a significant difference between PARTIAL root drying treatment (PRD50%) and conventional deficit irrigation treatment at fifty percent soil moisture deficit compensation (DI50%). Water Use Efficiency in PRD50% compared with DI50%, DI75% and full irrigation increased by 48.3%, 61.9% and 70.1% respectively.

2Deficit irrigation is one of the irrigation management methods that is used to increase Water Use Efficiency. Considering the internal plant adaptability characteristic to water shortage, PARTIAL Root Drying method has been introduced in recent years. In this field research improvement of Water Use Efficiency for Soybean was determined. This experiment which was conducted at four furrow irrigation treatments at the Research Field of Tehran University in Karaj in 2008, consists of full irrigation (100% soil moisture deficit compensation), conventional deficit irrigation at 50 and 75 percent soil moisture deficit compensation and PARTIAL Root Drying at 50 percent soil moisture deficit compensation with three replications. The amounts of irrigation used were exactly compensation level (negligible loss). Results indicated that Water Use Efficiency according to Duncan's Multiple Range Test at the five percent level of probability there was a significant difference between PARTIAL root drying treatment (PRD50%) and conventional deficit irrigation treatment at fifty percent soil moisture deficit compensation (DI50%),. Water Use Efficiency in PRD50% compared with DI50%, DI75% and full irrigation increased by 48.3%, 61.9% and 70.1% respectively.

Considering the incidence of pilonidal sinus and its relapse following routine procedures and for making a comparison between the PARTIAL closure and open methods, this study was performed on referrals of Shaheed Modarres hospital during the years 1998-1999. The clinical trial strategy of this study was performed on 48 patients. They were randomly divided into two control and case groups. For control group, the open method and routine procedures and for control group, an outpatient method and local anesthetics were applied. For the latter, the cyst (sinus) was removed and stitched by silk thread # 0. This method not only prevented hemorrhage, but also produced an operation area of less extent and less supporation and its treating is easier. After 5 days, the granulation tissue was formed and the sutures were removed. This procedure is a modified and converted form of open method and is accompanied with less infection and relapse (a modification to Dives method). Control group (n=24, 20 males and 4 females) consisted of patients at an average age of 27 years (from 18 to 36 years) and case group included 24 patients (22 males and 2 females) at an average age of 31 years (from 16 to 45 years). In both groups, the sinuses were similar regarding type and dimension. The wound extent in control group was from 15 to 25 mm and in the case group was from 12 to 18 mm. In addition, both of them did not show hemorrhage, one patient in control group had infection, and wound healing in control and case groups observed after 45 :t 5 and 25 :t 5 days respectively. It is concluded that PARTIAL closure method has less complications in the treatment of patients with pilonidal sinus.

Brown rust (Leaf rust) which caused by Puccinia recondita f. sp. tritici, is a worldwide major disease of wheat. In order to study the inheritance of resistance of the disease in wheat, a half DIALLEL cross was made among wheat lines including N-75-1, N-75-8, N-75-11, N-75-13, N-75-15, N-75-20 and susceptible cultivar Bolani. Parents and F1 progenies were inoculated at seedling stage in the greenhouse by a pathotype of leaf rust. Latent period, (number of days from inoculation to appearance of the first uredia) and infection type were recorded 9-12 days after inoculation. Two procedures including Griffing, and links and Hayman methods were used to analyse the data. General combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) were statistically significant for both traits. Narrow-sense heritability and broad-sence heritability were estimated 55% and 92% for latent period and 58% and 94% for infection type, respectively. Results showed that line N-75-8 has more recessive genes for longer latent period and lower infection type.

To achieve favorable outcomes in breeding programs, selection of parents based on General Combining Ability (GCA) and Specific Combining Ability (SCA) is so important. In order to study the genetic parameters, general and specific combining abilities and the type of disease resistance genes action against take-all disease in bread wheat, 6 wheat genotypes (729, 1622, 2109, 1528, 1546 and 1526) were crossed in one-way DIALLEL cross. Seeds of F1 generations (F1s) and parents were planted in the research greenhouse of Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Iran and take-all disease tolerance, stem and root dry weights, tiller number and elements such as manganese (Mn), zink (Zn), potassium (K) and iron (Fe) concentrations in plant tissue were measured. The results of Griffing analysis showed that general and specific combining abilities were significant for all traits except tiller number and K element. In terms of Take-all disease resistance, the best general combiners were 1622 and 729 genotypes, respectively. The best resistant hybrids were 2109×1546, 546×1528 and 1622×1526 that had the highest specific combining ability. Evaluation of genetic parameters by Hayman method for disease index and disease score confirmed the results of Griffing analysis and showed that the dominance and over dominance of gene actions had the greatest importance in genetic control of the resistance to take-all disease (T-41 isolation). Finally, due to low narrow sense heritability and low genetic ratio in resistance to take-all disease, it can be concluded that selection for resistance to take-all disease does not respond well in early generations, so selection after purity, that done by bulk, single-seed descent and double haploid methods can be effective in wheat breeding.

Genetic control of infection type of stripe rust was studied in a half-DIALLEL design using six wheat varieties, Tiritea (a susceptible control), Tancred, Kotare, Otane, Karama, and Briscard. These varieties and their 15 F1 DIALLEL hybrids were evaluated by three stripe rust pathotypes, 7E18A-, 38E0A+, and 134E134A+. For each pathotype a randomized complete block design was conducted with 21 treatments. Data for infection type were analyzed on the basis of Morley Jones, Waiter and Morton, Griffing, and Hayman's graphical methods. Positive and negative degrees of dominance were observed for every pathotype, indicating the host-pathogen interaction. Analyses of variance showed the importance of both additive and dominance genetic effects in controlling the infection type of stripe rust. However, the role of additive effects was more important than non-additive effects. Average of broad-sense and narrow-sense heritability estimates was 0.92 and 0.89, respectively. In the graphical analysis of Hayman, degree of dominance ranged from PARTIAL dominance to overdominance depending on the pathotype. Briscard, in all pathotypes, Karama in 7E18A- and 38E0A+and Kotare in 134E134A+, had mainly recessive genes. Significant negative geperal combining abilities(more resistance)were also obtained for Kotare in 7E18A-, for Briscard in 38E0A+,and for Briscard, Karama, and Kotare in 134E134A+.In conclusion, regarding the high heritability of infection type, it is possible to use the above mentioned varieties in breeding programs in order to reduce the infection type of stripe rust in wheat